MACROECONOMIC PRECONDITIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE BANKING SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Анотація

The article examines the features of the functioning of bank lending in Ukraine in the conditions of a war economy and post-crisis adaptation of the financial sector. The current state of the banking system is analyzed, in particular, the processes of its purification, structural transformation and increasing the role of state-owned banks, whose share in assets exceeds half of the market. It is determined that the key characteristics of the period under study are high liquidity of the banking system, significant concentration of resources in risk-free instruments, as well as the presence of the "liquidity trap" effect, which supports active lending to the real sector of the economy. It is substantiated that in 2022–2023 there was a significant real reduction in lending due to inflationary processes and increased risks, which led to a deficit of loanable capital. At the same time, starting from 2024, only a gradual recovery of lending activity, which becomes sustainable in 2025. also, the growth rate of the loan portfolio exceeds the inflation rate, which affects the real expansion of financing of the economy. It is established that the structure of bank income is changing: the role of interest income from lending is increasing, which indicates the return of banks to the classical function of financial intermediation. It is proven that the modern model of development of the banking sector has a dual nature: on the one hand, it ensures financial stability and support for critically important industries, on the other hand, it forms restrictions for the development of a competitive environment and private lending

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