GENDER EQUALITY AS A DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY: HUMAN CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS IN A GLOBALIZED ECONOMY

Анотація

The article analyzes gender equality as a determinant of economic efficiency in the context of globalization and knowledge-based economies. It argues that gender inequality is not only a moral and legal issue but also a structural economic inefficiency that limits productivity and sustainable growth. Persistent gender gaps in employment, wages, leadership, and access to education lead to the underutilization of human capital at both micro- and macroeconomic levels. Drawing on international and Ukrainian research, the study demonstrates that gender-inclusive economies achieve higher productivity, stronger innovation capacity, and greater resilience. Empirical evidence confirms that disparities in education and labor market participation reduce GDP growth and weaken competitiveness, while gender-diverse organizations perform more effectively. At the microeconomic level, gender equality improves labor allocation and expands the talent pool. At the macroeconomic level, it increases labor force participation, enhances workforce quality, and supports demographic sustainability. The article concludes that gender equality should be treated as a strategic economic priority and integrated into policies aimed at strengthening productivity, competitiveness, and long-term development.

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