DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY IN SECTION OF PATENT ACTIVITY AND R&D EXPENDITURES

Анотація

The paper presents research on the identification of opportunities and ways of developing innovative activity in some of the countries based on the study of patent activity. A methodological approach was used to research some patent applications and research and development costs. Innovations are implemented in production but are generated mostly by the scientific environment. The basis of research is based on the period until 2020 to exclude quarantine restrictions and the Russian-Ukrainian war, which significantly affected a significant number of indicators. The decisive factor in deciding on the production of a patent and innovative product is the volume of expenses for scientific activity and conducting research. Based on statistical data, an assessment and analysis of patent activity by research and development costs (as a percentage of the gross domestic product of some countries) were carried out. Changes in the patent activity of Ukraine from 1996 to 2020 concerning research and development expenditures as a percentage of the gross domestic product were analyzed. It was determined that in Ukraine there was no increase in the number of funds for research, but the patent activity changed in several phases. Basically, this change depends on the political and economic situation in the country and changes in patent legislation. The number of patent applications in the world by industry is determined by the priority of their economic development. The small number of international applications submitted by Ukraine indicates the low level of development of these industries in our country. A result is a determined place of Ukraine in comparison with other countries regarding the dependence of costs on the development of new technologies and their creation as objects of intellectual property law, in particular inventions. The practical results of the research can be used to forecast the development of the domestic innovative infrastructure and implement forecasts in the financing of research works and infrastructure, as well as in the change of Ukrainian legislation in connection with its harmonization with European legislation.

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