ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC FINANCE: THEORETICAL ASPECT

Анотація

The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of the functioning of public finances. In Ukraine, public finances account for more than 40% of gross domestic product. Public finances provide funding for state functions, including territorial integrity, law and order, health care, education funding, pensions, social protection, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and more. The formation of an effective system of public finance has become one of the key tasks of the current stage of development of the Ukrainian economy. Its solution requires the creation of a holistic concept of formation, development and improvement of the public finance system of Ukraine. In the domestic economic literature in the study of the problems of state finance, its revenues and expenditures, the phrase “state finance” was common. The term “public finance” is considered by experts to be a relatively young category of Ukrainian science, the active application of which began with the implementation of public administration reform. The purpose of the article is to clarify the nature and composition of public finances as a necessary resource for the functioning of the state, local governments, public needs of society. The article analyzes the definitions of “public finance”. It is concluded that Ukrainian economists have not yet agreed on the essence and components of the public finance system. The author presents arguments in favor of an expanded interpretation of this category, proposed his own definition of public finance. It is proposed to include the budget system, extra-budgetary trust funds, and finances of state and communal enterprises, financial and non-financial public corporations, enterprises within the framework of public-private partnership to public finances. Such an expanded interpretation of the structure of public finances will clarify the mechanism of their management, develop a system of incentives, forms of influence and control, and in particular by drawing more attention to the activities of state and municipal enterprises, develop clear criteria for quantitative parameters of public sector enterprises and their financial indicators.

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