The financing of political parties in Ukraine: how far have we progressed towards European standards?

Анотація

Introduction. The article examines the systems of political party financing in Germany, Poland, France, Sweden and Ukraine in order to identify their common features and differences. European countries have well-established models of public funding, complemented by restrictions on private donations and transparent control mechanisms. At the same time, the Ukrainian system, reformed in 2016, is only approaching these standards and requires further improvement. The purpose of the article is to compare the models of political party financing in European countries and Ukraine, with a particular focus on their level of transparency and effectiveness, as well as to assess the compliance of the Ukrainian system with European standards after the 2016 reform. Methodology. The research applies theoretical analysis and generalization of academic works, international and analytical reports; content analysis of regulatory documents to characterize legislative provisions in different countries; and comparative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanisms regulating the financing of political parties. Results. Germany, Sweden, France, and Poland were selected for comparison as they represent different models of political party financing developed on the basis of democratic traditions and transparent institutions. This made it possible to compare both established Western European practices and the experience of countries that transformed their political systems after an authoritarian past. Such an approach created a broader analytical framework for assessing Ukraine’s progress and identifying the most effective elements for adaptation.

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