THE MECHANISM OF FINANCING HIGHER EDUCATION AS A FACTOR IN IMPROVING ITS QUALITY

Анотація

The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the mechanism of financing higher education in Ukraine on its quality. To achieve the goal, general scientific (generalization, comparison, structural-logical analysis), statistical (average values, grouping, series of dynamics, correlation analysis), as well as graphical methods of presenting the results of the study were used. The results of the study showed that 1 student in Ukraine receives significantly less funding than in developed countries. During the war, the increase in this indicator was leveled by the infl uence of infl ation, therefore, the relatively low quality of higher education in Ukraine did not increase significantly. Public funding of higher education in Ukraine accounts for almost half of the total. Financing of stable activities is based on the previous year’s expenses, which does not ensure equal access of higher education institutions (HEIs) to public resources, contradicts the practice of developed countries regarding “input funding”, and causes a reduction in HEI funding. Funding based on performance depends on the contingent of students under the state order, which has little impact on the choice of specialty by applicants and is distributed between HEIs due to targeted placement - an opaque mechanism that reduces the average competitive score of applicants. The employment rate of graduates and international recognition stimulate HEIs to improve the quality of educational programs. However, the formula lacks an indicator of the professionalism of scientific and pedagogical staff , the level of which directly affects the quality of higher education. Grant funding not only increases the accessibility of higher education in Ukraine, but also generally stimulates the improvement of its quality. However, it accounts for less than 2% of public funding, and the number of grant levels is insufficient to attract successful applicants. Financing higher education at the expense of individuals or legal entities involves taking into account indicative cost. On the one hand, this mechanism prevents dumping of contract prices, and on the other hand, it generates “masking” of dumping, does not take into account institutional and regional factors of cost formation, and, therefore, does not affect the quality of individual educational programs, but reduces the competitive advantages of state-owned HEIs. The conclusion is formulated that the mechanism of financing higher education in Ukraine does not sufficiently affect or leads to a decrease in its quality, and therefore needs to be improved: increasing the share of financing based on results, including employment of graduates, professionalism of NPE; transforming financing of stable activities into grant financing with an increase in the number of grant levels, taking into account institutional and regional factors of cost formation to determine indicative cost. Keywords: higher education, educational services market, financing, financing of stable activities, financing based on performance, state order, grant, indicative cost, quality of higher education, price of educational services.

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