Differentiated Impact of Corporate Income Tax on the Financial Results of Economic Entities

Анотація

The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the impact of corporate income tax on the financial results of enterprises in Ukraine, taking into account their classification into large, medium, and small enterprises, the economic conditions of their operations, and the tax burden. Additionally, the article aims to substantiate and refine the conceptual model of the differentiated impact of corporate income tax depending on the scale of the enterprise. The study used statistical data for 2020–2024 and applied methods of analysis and synthesis, coefficient, dynamic, and correlation analysis, as well as conceptual and systematic approaches to evaluate the relationship between the financial results of enterprises and their tax burden. A comprehensive evaluation of the impact of corporate income tax on financial results was performed, considering the distribution of enterprises into large, medium, and small categories. The impact of corporate income tax on the State’s fiscal efficiency and as a key factor in corporate financial management, which determines the volume of available financial resources, ensures investment potential, and shapes the strategic directions of business development, has been substantiated. The differentiated impact of corporate income tax on the financial performance of small, medium, and large enterprises during periods of economic instability has been identified. In particular, large enterprises are more resilient to external crises and provide stable tax payments to the budget, whereas medium and small enterprises respond much more sharply to external shocks, which is reflected in significant fluctuations in their profitability and uneven tax revenues. A strong correlation between the amount of corporate income tax and enterprises’ financial results has been revealed, highlighting the high dependence of fiscal revenues on the profitability of the real sector of the economy. The dynamics of the profit tax share in the revenues of the Consolidated Budget and GDP have been analyzed, which allowed determining the impact of economic, political, and regulatory factors on the tax’s fiscal efficiency. A conceptual model of the differentiated impact of the profit tax depending on the enterprise size (large, medium, small) has been proposed, taking into account the level of risks, crisis resilience, and financial capacity of businesses. The necessity of adapting tax policy considering the specific features of enterprise functioning depending on their size has been substantiated, which will ensure increased taxation efficiency and promote sustainable economic development. Prospects for further research are a prerequisite for forming tax planning strategies, improving enterprises’ financial policies, and enhancing the fiscal efficiency of taxation.

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