Sustainable democracy: the limits of democratic tolerance (World and Ukrainian experience)

Анотація

Sustainable democracy is a concept according to which society must take measures to protect democracy from internal anti-democratic actors. One of the elements of a sustainable democracy is the prohibition of parties that could harm democratic procedures in the country by restricting political freedoms of the population. There is also the view that it is undemocratic to ban a political party or movement that only formally adheres to democratic rules. The extent to which anti-democratic actions can be opposed remains a matter of debate. Sustainable democracy imposes its limitations on democratic representation and thus limits the self-determination of members of society. This directly contradicts the classical definition of democracy, according to which the people directly or through their representatives participate in governing the state. Proponents of a sustainable democracy believe that a ban on the party may exist, but good reasons are needed for its implementation. These include, first of all, parties that ideologically contradict the democratic system and the values of democracy. Such parties can also systematically promote violence and intimidation within legal democratic structures. The article outlines some important points of scientific and practical discussion on the methods of sustainable democracy that can be effectively applied in Ukraine. In the context of the problem in question the international legal regulation of a party ban is analyzed. These are, in particular, the agreements concluded within the UN and the Council of Europe. These include the Universal Declaration of

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