TRANSFORMATION OF INCLUSIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE UNDER MARTIAL LAW AND POST-WAR RECOVERY

Анотація

The article examines the transformation of inclusive socio-economic development of Ukraine in 2020–2025 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale war, which radically changed the socio-economic landscape of the country, exacerbated existing inequalities and created new social vulnerabilities. An analysis of key macroeconomic indicators, in particular GDP per capita and the Gini coefficient, is carried out, as well as an assessment of the access of vulnerable groups of the population, such as internally displaced persons, persons with disabilities, youth and the elderly, to the labor market, education and health care compared to the EU countries. A significant deterioration in inclusivity indicators was found: the Gini coefficient increased from about 25% to more than 40%, indicating a “K-shaped” economic recovery and social polarization, in which the incomes of poorer strata decrease, while those of wealthier groups increase. There is a paradoxical coexistence of high unemployment and shortages in the labor market, while employment of vulnerable groups remains critically low, indicating the limited effectiveness of social guarantees and insufficient pension and social security. Access to basic services such as face-to-face education and health care is significantly limited, especially for internally displaced persons and residents of affected regions where infrastructure is collapsing or overloaded. Hostilities and mass displacement of the population have caused deepening regional disparities, overloading of social and transport infrastructure in host regions and economic collapse in those affected, which creates new challenges for social inclusion and equal access to resources. A significant gap in GDP per capita in Ukraine compared to the average indicators of the EU countries complicates European integration and achieving the European standard of living, emphasizing the need for accelerated economic development. It is substantiated that sustainable and fair post-war recovery requires not only significant financial investments, but also comprehensive systemic reforms aimed at overcoming structural imbalances, reducing social and economic inequality, forming effective social support mechanisms and ensuring equal access to opportunities, resources and basic services for all citizens, which is a fundamental condition for inclusive and sustainable development of the country.

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