UKRAINIAN LABOR MARKET IN TIMES OF WAR: MAIN TRENDS

Анотація

The article is devoted to studying the main trends in the Ukrainian labor market during the war. The reasons for the lack of official data from the State Statistics Service on unemployment during the war are identified. The results of the NBU and Info Sapiens research agency commissioned by the Center for Economic Strategy on unemployment estimates are presented, analyzed and compared, and it is concluded that the results of these estimates are very close. The main trends in the labor market during the war are identified: 1) the share of unemployed people looking for work is slowly growing, but their skills, qualifications, and level of training do not always meet the requirements of employers. 2) the growing role of women in the labor market; 3) employers' efforts to recruit veterans and people with disabilities to fill vacant positions; 4) the discrepancy between the growing number of new vacancies and the activity of job seekers. Based on the analysis of synthetic indices, the trend lines for new vacancies and resumes submitted in 2022-2024 are presented graphically. The author draws conclusions about the existence of both positive and negative trends in the labor market and proposes measures to protect this market from their adverse effects. In particular, it is determined that the main negative trend in the Ukrainian labor market in 2024 is the shortage of personnel, which is explained by the following reasons: further migration of the able-bodied population abroad; mobilization; reluctance of men to find official employment due to fear of mobilization; slow adaptation of IDPs to new places; Slow adaptation of IDPs in new places of residence to the requirements of local labor markets; mismatch between the skills, qualifications and level of training of job seekers and the requirements of employers. Among the positive trends, the author emphasizes the trend toward self-employment, especially among women, and a certain intensification of employers' efforts to attract veterans and people with disabilities to vacant positions. It is determined that the revival of the labor market and the reduction of the impact of negative trends on it can be facilitated by: the implementation by domestic companies of priority tactical measures within the framework of their anti-crisis strategies; strengthening of state assistance programs to support and develop existing enterprises, especially small businesses, continuation of existing ones (“eRobota”) and the launch of new grant programs for starting their own business for veterans, combatants, IDPs, and persons with disabilities. Keywords : labor market, trends, unemployment rate, new vacancies, resume, employment, staff shortage.

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