The evolution of interpretations of the term "service": from the origins of economic thought to the present day

Анотація

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution and peculiarities of the interpretation of the term "services" in world economic thought from ancient times to the present day. It is determined that the service is the first indicator of the development of national economies. According to a certain research method, the recognition of the peculiarities of the understanding of "services" in the course of the historical development of economic thought is established. The authors analyzed the views of such scientists as Aristotle, A. Smith, J.-B. Say, K. Marx, F. Kotler and modern economists. It is established that in ancient and medieval treatises, services were either not mentioned or were considered unproductive labor. It is determined that the rethinking of the role of services began in the 19th century, in particular, with the help of J. B. Say, who first defined a service as a separate economic category. It is shown that the first "theory of services" was put forward by economist Frederic Bastiat, who considered the value of a service and determined its utility. The understanding of the essence of services in Marxism is shown. A wide range of services of the economic category at the present stage of economic and social development is highlighted. It is shown that in general, modern researchers distinguish four main approaches to the involvement of "services": as a result of useful activity, as a process, as a special type of product (good) and as an economic activity. The interpretation services proposed by modern foreign and Ukrainian scientists are also presented and analyzed. Special attention was paid to the understanding of services from the point of view of Ukrainian legislation. The conclusion is made about the importance of further study of this topic, especially in the context of the emergence of new types, such as digital services.

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