THE PHENOMENON OF STATE FORMATION AT THE CRITICAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY

Анотація

The statement of basic materials. The article analyzes the process of state formation in the days of Kievan Rus, associated with two traditions of law: the rules of customary law and the rules of written law. This grand process was contradictory: on the one hand, there was democracy (people's assembly (chamber), as a powerful institution of democracy, the meeting of the military, meetings of citizens in the cities), and, on the other hand, there was authoritarianism (inherited power of the prince , as the sole owner of the state, in whose hands were concentrated the judiciary and the army). An analysis of the specifics of the process of state formation in the days of Kievan Rus, made by M. Hrushevsky, who pointed to the low socio-political activity of the people, compared with the western space of the same period. It was the Baroque era that became decisive in the formation of the national liberation ideas of the Ukrainian people - the Zaporizhzhya Sich became a symbol of national character, strength, will and freedom for the Cossacks. The importance of the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk in the state-building process of the Ukrainian Hetmanate is revealed, the key ideas of which were quite clear to all segments of the population. The crucial significance of 1917-1920 in the intensification of the national liberation movement among Ukrainians and the process of finding a state-building path was revealed. The current problems of modern state-building practice in Independent Ukraine and the specifics of formulating the national idea as an effective mechanism for consolidating the Ukrainian people on the basis of democracy, solidarity and political stability are analyzed. Conclusions. The decisive stages in the development of Ukrainian statehood are the embodiment of the main achievements of Ukrainian society in this area. Thus, the peculiarities of the formation of statehood in the days of Kievan Rus were influenced by several circumstances, first of all, the adoption of Christianity, which proclaimed the prince as God's messenger on Earth, and the lack of Roman law inherent in Western European feudal society. That is why the legal basis of state formation in this day became two rules of law: the rules of customary law and the rules of written law. The next decisive stage in the development of Ukrainian statehood took place in the era of Ukrainian Baroque. It was during this period that the Ukrainian state became a feudal statehood of the republican type. Philip Orlyk's Constitution proclaimed the basic principles of the existence of this state. In difficult historical crisis moments of state formation, the national idea begins to play a consolidating role in building a new system of spiritual and moral guidelines that help the nation to organize itself and move forward. In the XXI century, clear moral and spiritual guidelines and appropriate conditions for the formation and development of national consciousness, traditions and cultural identity will be able to unite the Ukrainian nation to build a strong welfare state. In this context, the national elite, as the main capable force of democratic change and reform, together with the Ukrainian people must draw wise conclusions from previous lessons of history, which will be the basis for the formation of a modern independent state

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