Institutional tools of de-shadowing of the market of transport services in Ukraine’s regions

Анотація

The purpose of the study is to develop ways to improve institutional tools for de-shadowing the market of transport services in the regions of Ukraine. The most common offenses in the field of road and rail transport, which determine the existence of the shadow component of the market of transport services, are summarized. The structure of the market of transport services by volumes of transported cargoes and passengers is analyzed. The dynamics of the coefficient of the shadow economy of the market of transport services in the regions of Ukraine in 2013-2019 was studied. Based on a systematic approach, a model of deshadowing of the transport services market is proposed, which includes institutional tools aimed at limiting the opportunities for illegal activities of carriers. Organizational, economic and technical levers of realization of institutional tools of de-shadowing of the market of transport services are substantiated. Organizational levers provide equal conditions for participation of all carriers in tenders for the right to serve urban and suburban routes, effective control over the activities of carriers and the inevitability of punishment for offenders. Economic levers aimed at legalizing shadow cash flows include measures to reduce the tax burden on businesses, improve the mechanism of transportation of privileged categories of passengers and accounting for passengers and cash. Technical levers are to ensure the renewal of vehicles, the introduction of electronic document management, creating comfortable and convenient conditions for fare payment and to control its implementation by passengers. The introduction of the proposed tools to de-shadow the market of transport services will increase the efficiency of using the potential of transport services in the regions of Ukraine, as well as obtaining economic, social and environmental effects for regional development.

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