WORLD EXPERIENCE OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE STRUCTURAL POLICY: MODELS AND TRENDS

Анотація

The article is devoted to the formation and implementation of state structural policy, which is closely linked to economic growth and development of the economy as a whole. Economic growth must be sustainable and long-lasting, which requires a combination of all types and instruments of structural policy, depending on the time period and level of functioning of the economy. Due to structural changes, low-income countries can bridge the gap and catch up with highly developed countries. This relationship is not absolute, the intensity of structural change can be both a consequence and a cause of economic growth. At the same time, all significant and long periods of rapid economic growth after the Second World War, as a rule, took place against the background of pronounced structural reforms within national economies. Due to which these countries demonstrated «economic miracles». Highlighting the main trends of structural reforms in the world economy is important primarily in terms of developing an effective structural policy in Ukraine. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, grouping and classification, comparison. The content of structural policy has been clarified by domestic and foreign scholars. It is established that the concepts of structural and industrial policy are either identified or there is no clear demarcation line between them. The tools of vertical, horizontal and matrix structural policy are highlighted. American, Japanese and European models of structural policy on the example of the USA, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain are considered. The structural policy of these countries is formed as a result of applying an integrated approach to its priority areas and the mechanism of its implementation. It has an internal integrative form, which is manifested in the constant increase in the level of interaction with other areas of economic policy, thus creating a synergistic effect of economic development as a whole. The general tendency of structural changes in the world economy is revealed – growth of a share of sphere of services at preservation of rather stable share of the processing industry. Together, they are seen as drivers of economic growth. Adaptive elements of implementation of world experience in "design" of structural policy of Ukraine are offered.

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