In Search of a New Conception of the Entrepreneur in the Context of an Economic Paradigm Shift

Анотація

The entrepreneur is the main actor in the capitalist economic system. The current stage of the evolution of entrepreneurship has significant specificities caused by paradigmatic shifts in the economy, the expansion of the field of entrepreneurial activity, and an even greater focus on innovation. Therefore, the aim of the article is to outline the new spheres of modern entrepreneurship and the contours of updating the conception of the entrepreneur. In the course of the study, a general analysis of the evolution of entrepreneurship is performed. The main entrepreneurial revolutions and gradual changes in understanding the role of the entrepreneur are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the origins and main ideas of J. Schumpeter's conception of the innovator-entrepreneur. The transformation of entrepreneurship and the change in its understanding in the second half of the 20th century up to the beginning of the 21st century are traced. Given this, the features of the entrepreneurial approach to solving societal problems, as well as the context of modern entrepreneurship (the increasing complexity of institutional and economic conditions, growing uncertainty, etc.), are determined. Emphasis is placed on the growing government support for entrepreneurship, which indicates a desire to strengthen and utilize its potential. The main changes in the economic paradigm (transition to sustainable development; transformation of production systems, supply chains, and consumption models; general greening and resource conservation; strengthening of the human-centric economic model, etc.), accompanied by the expansion of corporate responsibility, are identified. Attention is drawn to the emergence of new spheres of entrepreneurship (sustainable development, biotechnology, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, human augmentation, changes in socioeconomic organization, and space exploration), which made it possible to determine the features of modern fields of activity. The qualitative changes in the modern entrepreneur under the influence of globalization, which generates a global entrepreneurial process, are taken into account. A number of transformations of the entrepreneur figure associated with innovative creativity, the presence of a value dominant, a focus on transformation, a striving for progress, a focus on transforming nature, and the strengthening of social responsibility and the pro-sociality of business are outlined. Based on this, a conclusion is drawn regarding the emergence of a new conception of the creator-entrepreneur, which is expected to be developed further.

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