Analysis of Trends in the Development of Innovation and Invention Activities in Ukraine

Анотація

Under conditions of a new wave of scientific and technological progress and transformational changes of the modern economy caused by it, one of the most important factors of technical and economic growth at the micro and macro levels is innovation and invention activities, which actualizes the issue of determining the state and problems of their development in Ukraine. To this end, the article measures the main indicators for evaluating innovation and invention activities in the context of creating and using innovation proposals and inventions in the economy. Based on the results of the study, the following main trends are observed: - a low level of invention activity and its long-term decline in 1991–2019 (–41 %); - a significant drop in the number of applications for inventions, patents for which are most in demand in the world (up to 2096 in 2019 from 8687 in 1993); - negative trends in patenting inventions (–14 %) and utility models (–17 %) as the basis for technological innovation by the corporate sector of the economy in 2010–2019; - a steady negative trend in applying the results of invention and innovation activities in production, which, along with the loss of inventive potential, caused a decrease in the level of activity of enterprises using technological innovations (–18 %), the volume of innovative products sold (–26 %) and the level of their novelty (–5 %) for 2008–2018. Taking into account the generally negative trends, the need to revive the institution of innovation and invention activities as a key tool to overcome the accumulated technological backwardness of Ukrainian enterprises and the modern factor in the development of the country’s economy on an advanced technological basis is emphasized.

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