Determinants of high-tech exports in the EU and Ukraine in the context of innovation, industrial and entrepreneurship policy

Анотація

The object of research is the innovation, industrial and entrepreneurial policy of the EU and Ukraine in 2016–2024, assessed by key performance indicators. The problem lies in the lack of mechanisms for integrating European practices adapted to Ukrainian conditions, which limits investment potential, the development of innovation ecosystems, acceleration of structural modernization and growth of competitiveness in the context of post-war recovery. The essence of the results obtained is to identify significant differences between the EU and Ukraine in seven indicators of innovation policy, as well as to establish the factors that most affect high-tech exports. For the EU, a close relationship between R&D funding, business participation, human capital development and commercialization of innovations has been confirmed. In Ukraine, science-industry cooperation and the human resource potential of business research have become decisive, while the impact of R&D funding is weak and unstable. Regression modeling showed that in the EU the key drivers are corporate R&D, human capital and scientific-industrial cooperation, while in Ukraine – institutional and personnel factors. These results are explained by differences in institutional maturity, quality of innovation management, efficiency of commercialization of developments and integration of science into production. The EU has comprehensive and targeted support instruments that ensure a direct link between innovation spending and economic results. In Ukraine, however, there is fragmentation of measures, declarative nature of reforms and low conversion of costs into high-tech exports. The results obtained can be used to adjust national innovation development strategies, form post-war recovery programs, increase the role of private R&D, human capital development and intensify cooperation between science and business at all levels.

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