Conceptual approaches to improving the economic and legal mechanism for developing space capabilities of the security and defense sector of Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges

Анотація

The article presents a systematic analysis of the economic and legal foundations of the formation and development of space capabilities in the security and defense sector of Ukraine through the prism of the coherence of strategic, program-targeted and budgetary planning. It is shown that space capabilities are a key element of the state’s critical potential, as they ensure the effective functioning of intelligence systems, early warning of a missile attack, navigation and time support of military operations, global secure communication, remote sensing of the Earth and environmental monitoring. It is noted that despite the adoption of a wide range of regulatory and legal acts aimed at modernizing the space industry, the practical implementation of tasks to build national capabilities, create domestic dual-purpose or military spacecraft remains problematic. It is proven that the main reason is the systemic inconsistency of space programs, strategies, concepts and plans for the production of space equipment with the real financial capabilities of the state, which leads to the formation of an excessive number of declarative documents without a proper resource base. It is emphasized that the approval of program-target documents should be considered legally sound only if there is an agreed financial model that covers all sources of financing, determines the share of state budget expenditures and guarantees the resource feasibility of the planned measures. As a result of the study, the need to transition to a resource-based structure of legal regulation of space activity, focused on ensuring the sustainable development of the defense and space sector, is substantiated. It is proposed to develop a national space doctrine as a comprehensive regulatory act of the strategic level, which will integrate legal, defense, organizational and financial aspects of space activities into a single conceptual model. Such a doctrine should become the foundation for the balanced development of the national space infrastructure, effective use of economic resources and ensuring the technological independence of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law and post-war recovery.

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