GLOBAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AS ACTORS OF GLOBAL POLITICS AND ECONOMY: CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

Анотація

The article explores the institutional nature, functional characteristics, and classification criteria of global financial institutions (GFIs) as key actors within the contemporary global financial architecture. It reveals their role in ensuring regulatory coordination, macroeconomic stability, credit and investment support, and crisis response at the global level. The study analyzes the perspectives of both domestic and international scholars on the essence of GFIs, particularly through the lens of political influence, supranational authority, and the ability to shape global financial regulation standards. Particular attention is devoted to the classification of GFIs based on several criteria: geographical scope of activity, ownership and legal status, functional mandate, degree of supranational authority, and operational domain within specific segments of the financial market. The article substantiates the relevance of a multidimensional approach to the systematization of financial institutions, which integrates three key parameters: level of operation (global/regional), primary function (financial, regulatory, coordination), and institutional form (intergovernmental organizations with international legal personality / coordination platforms without treaty-based status). Within the proposed framework, a classification synthesis is conducted, allowing for the identification of four functional clusters: global development institutions, global regulatory platforms, regional financial entities, and globally-regional politico-coordination structures. Visualization of this structure as an «institutional map» enables the analysis of zones of functional overlap, complementarity, and potential competition among global governance actors. The findings of the study provide a conceptual foundation for further analysis of the transformation processes in global financial governance amid shifts in the geoeconomic environment. Keywords: global financial institutions, classification, financial architecture, international economic policy, institutional governance

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