Wpływ państwowych regulacji biznesu na wielkość szarej strefy

Анотація

The problem of shadow economy is relevant to all countries of the world. It is particularly acute for post-socialist countries. They started building the market system in the conditions of current shadow economy with the size of more than 30 % of GDP. By 2015, its share in Poland has decreased from 34.50 % to 19.07 %. This corresponds to the average level in Europe – 22.77% of GDP. In Ukraine, on the contrary, there was an increase from 38.96 % to 42.90 % of GDP. The task of reducing the shadow economy remains relevant for all countries of the world. In the European Union, Austria (10% of GDP) is the leader in this area. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of our study is to consider the main factors of the emergence of the shadow economy. Among them it is necessary to determine the nature of the impact of the quality of legal (government) regulation of entrepreneurship on this problem. The analysis of the indicated relationships was carried out using economic and mathematical methods. They allow for reliable, mathematically and economically sound conclusions. Research results. 1. Since the concept of the shadow economy is rather general and conditional, the article specifies the subject of the study as illegal – illegally concealed from the government regulation entrepreneurship. It occupies the overwhelming part of the hidden economy and is the most sensitive to the impact of legal regulation. 2. For analysis, the World Bank’s “Doing Business” study for 2015 was used. On its basis, four areas of government regulation of business are defined: dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, trading across borders, resolving insolvency that have a significant impact on the size of the hidden business. 3. Based on these results, a comparison was made of the impact of legal regulation of entrepreneurship on reducing its illegal share in Ukraine and Poland. This allowed to identify its disadvantages in Poland and Ukraine and to propose appropriate directions for improvement. Summarizing the above mentioned, we can conclude that the spheres of legal regulation are factors of illegal entrepreneurship. Improving the effectiveness of such regulation can be the basis for developing a program for deshadowing the economy of any country.

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