ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF MARITIME TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Анотація
Economic approaches to assessing external factors influencing the functioning of maritime transport enterprises are examined in the context of increasing regulatory pressure and market volatility. Using the PESTEL methodology, political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors are systematized with consideration of industry-specific characteristics. The analysis qualitatively outlines the channels through which these factors affect costs, revenues, and investment decisions of shipping companies (freight rates, fuel prices, carbon pricing, customs and tax policies, insurance premiums, IMO/EU requirements). A set of indicators and methodological guidelines is proposed for integrating the results of such analysis into strategic management, thereby enhancing the resilience and competitiveness of enterprises without the use of quantitative calculations.
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