METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN THE GLOBAL WORLD

Анотація

The article considers the methodological approaches used by modern scientists to explain the formation and development of economic processes in the world, namely evolutionary, functional, institutional, predictive, systematic, and synergetic. It is determined that the existing pluralism of scientific methodological approaches is a response to the search for new conceptual solutions to fundamental socio-economic problems, crises, and shocks in the world economy. At the present stage of development of economic scientific thought, the most common are the systemic and synergetic approaches which consider economic systems as open, unstable, and multi-element formations that are in constant self-development. The combination of these two approaches in the research process allows to study in detail the complex economic formations, determine the internal, causal relationships between the elements, and predict further prospects for development. The mechanism of evolutionary change for systems of any nature is the same and can be described by the following chain: significant imbalance; formation and consolidation of local changes within the system; accumulation of changes; cooperative action; the emergence of new properties, and new system structure. The synergetic approach to the study of the system is based on the statement that it is impossible to unambiguously predict to what state and when the current system will evolve. The use of a synergetic approach involves the implementation of the following steps: the selection of a complex system or process that requires synergistic influence, their characteristics; research of its development strategy; implementation of factor analysis of possible ways of its self-organization; determining the goal or desired result; development of the list of weak influences which will promote self-organization of chaotic system, and also tactics of their application; correctly determine the critical moment of the studied system. The result of system development is to obtain the so-called synergetic effect, which can be divided into functional, positive, and negative.

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