Foreign Trade of Ukraine in the Context of Global Economic Transformations: Modern Realities and Prospects

Анотація

The article carries out a comprehensive study of the export potential of Ukraine in the context of the wartime economy and global transformations of the world economic management. It is substantiated that the foreign economic activity of the State functions as a multi-level dynamic system, within which exports are a key factor in ensuring macroeconomic stability and integration into the international economic space. It is determined that in conditions of the full-scale war, export potential is formed under the influence of a set of interrelated factors, including internal production potential, resource supply, technological level of the economy, industry structure, geopolitical conditions, etc. The study of the commodity structure of exports showed the dominance of agrarian products with gradual diversification due to the growth of the share of metallurgical and machine-building products. At the same time, trends towards a reduction in exports of certain key commodity groups were identified. Special attention is paid to the geographical structure of foreign trade, which is characterized by the strengthening of the European integration vector, the growth of the share of EU countries and the simultaneous reduction of the role of CIS countries. At the same time, a high concentration of export flows on a limited circle of key partners was determined, which creates certain risks for economic stability. Processes of diversification of sales markets due to the intensification of cooperation with Asian and African countries were also identified. The generalization of the research results made it possible to substantiate the need for structural transformation of Ukraine's export potential, which involves increasing the share of products with high added value, developing the processing industry, modernizing production, improving logistics infrastructure and strengthening institutional support for exporters. It is proved that the implementation of a comprehensive export development strategy is a key prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy and ensuring its sustainable growth in conditions of global instability.

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