Neo-institutional aspects of enterprise accounting policy formation

Анотація

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of enterprise accounting policy formation amid the development of the neo-institutional approach in accounting systems. The essence of the institutional environment, as a set of formal and informal institutions that influence an enterprise’s accounting system, is determined. It is substantiated that the formation of accounting policy in modern conditions is influenced by institutional pressure from state regulators, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), professional organizations, audit practices, and corporate governance mechanisms. The role of IFRS in the transformation of enterprise accounting policy is analyzed, and it is shown that the implementation of international standards contributes to the unification of accounting procedures, the increased transparency of financial reporting, and the strengthening of accountants’ professional judgment. The managerial aspect of accounting policy as a strategic management tool and a mechanism for adapting to external institutional changes is considered. It has been shown that the neo-institutional approach allows accounting policy to be considered not only as a set of accounting methods but also as the result of the interaction among economic, social, legal, and professional institutions. The key directions for improving enterprise accounting policy in the context of digitalization and globalization of financial reporting are identified. Attention is paid to the growing role of digital technologies, automation of accounting processes, and integration of financial and non-financial information within enterprise management systems. It is established that an effective accounting policy improves the quality of information support for managerial decision-making, reduces information asymmetry, and enhances enterprise competitiveness amid global economic transformations. Keywords: accounting policy, neo-institutionalism, accounting, IFRS, institutional pressure, professional judgment, managerial aspect, financial reporting.

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