Human capital of rural areas as an object of economic reproduction: institutional and managerial dimensions

Анотація

Introduction. The contemporary dynamics of rural development in Ukraine are shaped by a combination of persistent structural distortions and new crisis factors driven by prolonged demographic losses, large-scale labour migration, declining quality and accessibility of social infrastructure, as well as the socio-economic consequences of the full-scale war. Under these conditions, human capital acquires the status of a system-forming resource that determines not only the pace of economic growth in the agrarian sector but also the capacity of rural areas for recovery, adaptation, and the provision of long-term socio-economic sustainability. Method (Methodology). The study employs systemic and institutional approaches to examine human capital in rural areas as an object of economic reproduction, taking into account the influence of formal and informal institutions and governance mechanisms. Methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, induction, and deduction are applied to clarify the economic essence of human capital, identify its structural components, and substantiate the role of reproductive processes in rural development. Results. It is established that the human capital of rural areas constitutes a strategic object of economic reproduction, the level and quality of which determine the competitiveness of the agrarian sector, the resilience of the food system, and the socio-economic development of Ukraine under demographic, migratory, and wartime challenges. Institutional factors – namely the quality of state policy, the capacity of local self-government, the accessibility of social infrastructure, and the level of social capital and trust – are identified as key incentives or barriers to investment in rural human capital. It is substantiated that effective management of its reproduction requires the integration of human development policy into rural and regional development strategies, the advancement of educational and social infrastructure through digital technologies, and the implementation of resilient governance models at the level of territorial communities.

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