FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION AND CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF SEA CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION IN GLOBAL PRACTICE

Анотація

The article is devoted to the consideration of sea container transportation, which today is one of the most modern and promising types of logistics services that ensure the movement of goods between countries. It has been established that with the growth of trade volumes, the organization and customs clearance of sea container transportation become more complicated and require careful research in order to introduce an effective control mechanism for the movement of sea containers. An analysis of the organization and customs clearance of sea container transportation was carried out using the example of the best practices of the United States of America and Japan. It was noted that countries participating in foreign trade activities should implement international trade agreements and conventions, constantly look for ways to simplify and rationalize trade facilitation procedures, but at the same time strive for a balance that will preserve border security. The specifics of the tasks that are solved during the customs clearance of sea container transportation and that require the need to improve the efficiency of customs control at the sea crossing point are emphasized. According to the results of the study of the experience of the leading countries, the peculiarities of customs clearance and customs procedures were determined and a comparative characteristic with Ukraine was carried out. It is emphasized that the control over the movement of sea containers in the USA, Japan and Ukraine is carried out in accordance with international conventions, the norms of which are maximally implemented in the national customs legislation, but there are different levels of development of information customs technologies and the organization of customs clearance itself. On the basis of a comparison of the main features of customs clearance of sea container transportation within the borders of the three countries, it is emphasized that, in Ukraine, in addition to creating an effective legal framework for the regulation of container transportation and cargo handling, it is also necessary to create opportunities to simplify the procedural aspects of customs clearance. It was noted that the considered "best practice" can be useful for the relevant customs procedures and norms of the state customs services of Ukraine, which work on the border at sea checkpoints. Areas in which customs formalities can be simplified are identified, and how these improvements should be achieved.

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