Property taxation in Ukraine: current challenges and future perspectives

Анотація

Introduction. Property tax plays an important role in the tax system of Ukraine, performing both a fiscal function - by filling local budgets, and a regulatory function - influencing the economic behavior of property owners. At the same time, the current model of its collection is characterized by a number of systemic problems, which increases the need for critical rethinking of the mechanisms of its functioning, taking into account best European practices. Problem Statement. The results of the research revealed the imperfection of the current mechanism for accounting and taxation of unfinished construction, since the current legislative norms allow owners to avoid paying taxes by formally delaying the commissioning of facilities. As a result, there is an incentive for shadow schemes for the use of real estate, which lead to a decrease in local budget revenues. Purpose. To analyze the current practice of collecting property tax in Ukraine, identify its shortcomings and risks associated with the shadowing of tax objects, as well as formulate proposals for improving this mechanism, taking into account the European experience of property taxation. Methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, theoretical generalization, as well as the abstract-logical method were used. Results. A comparative analysis of the provisions of domestic and foreign legislation in the field of property taxation (with an emphasis on the real estate tax other than land plot, given its fiscal potential) made it possible to identify the problem of the lack of taxation of unfinished construction in the Ukrainian practice. This, in turn, creates the prerequisites for shadowing the real estate market and reducing budget revenues. The article also proposes directions for reforming the real estate taxation system in Ukraine. Conclusions. The feasibility of using by Ukraine the experience of leading EU member states as a reference point for developing an effective model of taxation of unfinished construction sites, adapted to the domestic legal field is substantiated. It will allow strengthening fiscal efficiency and ensuring fairness of taxation.

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