INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS: THEORETICAL ASPECT AND IMPACT ON THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC GROWTH

Анотація

This scientific paper analyses the theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to determining the meaning of the concept named "migration of highly skilled workers", in other words highly skilled migration. The author determined the essence of related categories, among which one can often find the identification of international migration of highly skilled workers with intellectual migration. The scholar carried out the investigation of the relationship between the migration of highly skilled workers and economic growth basing on the case study of the member states of the European Union. In 2019, the average share of immigrants with higher education in the EU28 countries was 28.1% with a tendency to a steady increase in this indicator during the study period. In order to ensure a scientifically sound classification of European countries, as well as the identification of internal links between the units in the aggregate, the author conducted cluster analysis based on the use of three analytical indicators for 2019, namely: the share of immigrants with higher education, %; level of economic activity of immigrants with higher education, %; employment rate of immigrants with higher education, %. The comprehensive analysis of the migration of highly skilled workers within the study is supplemented by the analytical data on the permits issued by European countries for the employment of highly skilled workers. There was a significant difference in the number of first permits issued for paid activities for highly skilled workers in different EU member states. In 2019, the leaders in terms of the share of such permits in the total number of permits included the Netherlands (64.48%), Denmark (51.53%), and Liechtenstein (50.83%). Within the framework of the study, the basic indicator of the relationship between the issued employment permits for highly skilled migrants and the country’s economic growth is the gross national income per capita. In order to conduct a very thoughtful analysis, the author calculated the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient basing on the case study of 13 European Union member states in 2019. The value of the pairwise correlation coefficient between the studied indicators is 0.9252, which confirms the significant impact of highly skilled immigration on the economic growth of the country.

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