Problems of international migration in Ukraine and prospects of repatriation of migrants

Анотація

The purpose of the study is to analyze the demographic and migration situation in Ukraine in the pre-war period and during the war, as well as generalize the main approaches and directions for the development of measures for the post-war repatriation of forced migrants. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of previous theoretical and analytical studies, methods of statistical and graphical data analysis were used for the research. In order to achieve the goal, the analysis of statistical data and determination of trends in population dynamics was carried out. Migration growth in the pre-war years was analyzed and the number of interstate migrants by region of entry was determined. The impact on international migration of Ukraine caused by the war, which began on February 24, 2022, was determined, including the analysis of the geographical distribution of Ukrainians abroad. Possibilities for the implementation of foreign experience of repatriation policy as the most important component of the migration policy of states that have faced a significant population outflow are considered. It was determined that political instability and security threats are the most important reasons for migration. The vast majority of Ukrainians were forced to emigrate to Poland, Germany and the USA. As of the beginning of 2024, there are 7 million 996 thousand Ukrainian refugees in Europe. The demographic impact of the war will accelerate the negative trends that developed in the pre-war situation, when the population of Ukraine was actively shrinking. The key components of the economic reintegration program for refugees should be: the possibility of purchasing or receiving subsidized housing, promoting the employment of returnees, organizing training programs on managing one's own business, access to preferential loans for starting one's own business. International experience also shows that migrants should receive quality informational and advisory support. The theoretical significance lies in the further development of research on the issue of forced international migration. The practical significance lies in the proposed directions of development of the state policy of repatriation of migrants.

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