Main principles for regulation of public financing of political parties: experience of developed democracy countries and Ukraine

Анотація

The article considers the generalized experience of developed democracies in relation to the legal foundations of state regulation of financing of political parties and the practical possibilities of using it in Ukraine. The article analyzes the provisions of the draft laws on changes in the system of state regulation of financing of political parties in Ukraine and suggests ways to improve it. It has been shown that the experience of state funding of political parties in developed democracies, in particular, in European countries, is successful. It is noted that the efficiency and effectiveness of the system of financing political parties does not depend on the existence of a special law on financing. It is noted that such social relations can be regulated as separate legislative acts, as well as in the form of a system of provisions in various laws constitutions, party laws, electoral legislation, anti-corruption laws. It is argued that state financing of political parties is one of the effective tools in the fight against political corruption and provision of parties with the necessary resources for statutory activities and their development. The author draws attention to the European practice of state financing of the activities of political parties, which have a high rating, and those that only nominate candidates for elections. This can guarantee equality of opportunity for various political forces. So, public funding must be determined in proportion to the political support that the party has received. At the same time, the author is convinced that excessive dependence on state financing may lead to a weakening of ties between parties and their electorate. The article also states that in the European experience state and private funding of political parties is allocated. Public financing takes place both by statutory activities and by campaign expenditures. It is direct (subsidizing) and indirect (benefits on a legislative basis). It is established that the state support of political parties in European countries ranges from more than 20 % to 85 % of the total budget of parties. The author is convinced that the experience of developed democracies should be taken into account in Ukraine with the aim of solving existing problems and preventing them in the future, which will strengthen party competition, internal party democracy, and ensure the proper realization of the function of political parties as a connecting link between civil society and the state.

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