Ukrainians in Moldova: settlement and language (according to the censuses of 2004 and 2014)

Анотація

The current state of the Ukrainian diaspora in Moldova according to the censuses of 2004 and 2014 is considered. It is worth noting that Ukrainians in this country are difficult to call a diaspora, because they live compactly in Moldova, in addition, for a certain period Moldova was a part of the Ukrainian SSR on the rights of autonomy. Despite the relative proximity to the homeland, the research topics of Ukrainians living in Moldova is unpopular among Ukrainian scholars. The information basis of the study was the results of censuses conducted in the country after the collapse of the USSR, in particular their ethnocultural component: ethnicity, native language and the language commonly spoken. Demographics have become important, especially when compared to other ethnic groups living in the country. Based on the results of the census, the basic data were processed and a number of maps were compiled in the ArcMap program environment. These maps reflect the peculiarities of the settlement of Ukrainians at the level of districts and settlements, the compactness of living, indices of ethnic and linguistic diversity, the spread of Ukrainian as a mother tongue and language of communication. The article analyzes the settlement at the district level, identifies changes in the number between censuses, and determines the index of ethnic and linguistic diversity. Based on the development of the demographic criteria of the census, the ageing rate was determined and compared in terms of the five largest ethnic groups living in the country. The study found that Ukrainians in Moldova live compactly in the northern regions bordering Ukraine. The reasons for the decrease in the number of Ukrainians were also identified, and the analysis of the ethnic and linguistic composition of the population was conducted. The article finds that the population of Moldova is ethnically homogeneous, the index of ethnic diversity in most areas does not exceed 30 %. It is worth noting that the compactness of living, concentration mainly in areas where the rural population predominates, and the neighborhood with Ukraine have a positive impact on the preservation of the native language among Ukrainians in Moldova, as evidenced by the high proportion of native speakers. Despite a significant demographic “stockpile”, the Ukrainian diaspora in Moldova is shrinking due to the change of generations, as our ageing rate is much higher than compared to other large ethnic groups living in the country.

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