Research on the State of Science and Trends in its Development in Countries of the World and Ukraine

Анотація

The aim of the article is to study the state of the scientific sphere and trends in its development in countries of the world and Ukraine and to determine the directions of the science reform that the Ukrainian economy needs. Based on the methods of logical, statistical, graphical and correlation analysis, the paper examines the state of the scientific sphere and trends in its development in Ukraine in comparison with the world trends. The article studies the behavior of the main indicators characterizing scientific activities of countries of the world, namely: costs of funding scientific (scientific and technical) works, share of expenditures on funding scientific (scientific and technical) works in the GDP, structure of funding, share of executors of scientific (scientific and technical) works in the total population of the country, number of applications and patents, number of scientific publications. The carried out analysis showed that the current state of and trends in the development of the scientific sphere in Ukraine, the level of its technological and innovative advancement testify to their inconsistency with the global transformational economic processes that have been occurring in recent decades, which indicates a high likelihood of Ukraine’s impossibility of keeping pace with the international scientific, technological and innovative progress. Moreover, the existence of a significant direct correlation between the level of GDP per capita of countries of the world and the indicators characterizing development of the scientific sphere is determined. It is concluded that the economic status of the country can be improved by ensuring development of science. The study allows to argue that the Ukrainian scientific sphere requires an immediate reform in order to ensure efficient economic growth. This process should be centered around determining the priorities of economic growth, based on the development of the scientific potential of the country, and aimed at creating conditions for the transition to an innovation economy. The directions for reforming the scientific sphere in Ukraine are proposed.

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