Socio-legal protection of internally displaced persons in the community: essence and structure

Анотація

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the essence and structure of socio-legal protection of IDPs at the community level in conditions of prolonged armed aggression and decentralization of power in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is due to the large-scale humanitarian crisis, evidenced by the number of officially registered IDPs as of December 2025, which is 4.62 million people, with the greatest burden on frontline and central regions. The author reveals the essence of protection as a combination of legal (registration, non-discrimination, access to services) and social (housing, education, psychological support, employment) components based on the principle of subsidiarity: the state determines standards and finances, and communities ensure the practical implementation of this principle through local programs and direct interaction. The structure of social and legal protection of IDPs is built as a multi-level vertical, consisting of preventive (prevention of displacement), current (during displacement) and post-displacement (integration/return) stages. The main emphasis is placed on the stage of protection of IDPs during displacement, where the community is the key actor. Consecutive blocks are distinguished: accounting and registration, housing, basic needs (issuance of documents, employment, education of children). Based on a comparative analysis of international standards and the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine, the author states that the effectiveness of IDP protection in Ukraine depends on the coordination of levels of government, their involvement in decision-making, taking into account regional characteristics and the transition from temporary assistance to systemic local integration.

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