Energy Decentralization as a Path to Energy Security: Poland’s Experience for Ukrainian Communities

Анотація

The study conducted in this article is devoted to the consideration of topical issues of Ukraine’s achievement of energy decentralization in order to protect the national energy system from crisis processes in wartime, to increase its resilience by developing distributed generation at the local level. The analysis was carried out by comparing with similar local entities in Poland (gmina and poviat) based on the assessment of existing and potential energy sources, as well as the calculation of the energy balance of the territory. The implementation of an effective energy transition project in the city of Ostrów Wielkopolski (operation of low-emission public transport running on local energy obtained through local energy cogeneration) was considered. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are made to similar local communities in Ukraine on the organization of project management, attraction of financial instruments for such a transition, taking into account organizational and regulatory risks. As a practical tool, proposals are made for the organization and creation of a revolving fund as a financial instrument that can partially cover local needs for financing projects aimed at reducing energy poverty in communities, as well as a model for organizing an energy production cooperative for generating electricity using a solar power plant, and an algorithm for project work in communities for the development and implementation of energy decentralization projects.

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