Organizational and legal mechanisms for financing vocational and technical education in Ukraine

Анотація

Introduction. Under current conditions of martial law, economic transformation, and European integration processes, vocational and technical education (VET) plays a key role in the formation of human capital and in meeting labor market needs. The effectiveness of its functioning largely depends on organizational, legal, and financial mechanisms that determine the sources, forms, and performance outcomes of financing vocational education institutions. The relevance of the study is обусловлено by the necessity to reorient the VET financing system from a maintenance-based model toward a results-oriented approach, to expand public–private partnerships, and to adapt national frameworks to European practices in the context of post-war recovery and Ukraine’s integration into the European Union. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to deepen the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to the organizational, legal, and financial support of vocational and technical education in Ukraine under conditions of martial law, post-war recovery, and European integration processes, with the identification of key mechanisms, institutional interconnections, and directions for improving the financing of the VET system. Methods (Methodology). The study employs the dialectical method of cognition, methods of theoretical generalization and systematization, comparative analysis, analysis of regulatory and legal acts, structural-logical modeling, and a comparative analysis of national and European models of vocational education financing. The methodological framework is based on the provisions of public finance theory, institutional economics, and the concept of human capital development. Results. The article systematizes the regulatory and legal framework for financing vocational and technical education in Ukraine, analyzes the evolution of VET financing models, and identifies key challenges in their implementation under decentralization conditions. A comparative analysis of vocational education models in selected European Union countries (Germany, France, Poland, and Finland) and Ukraine is conducted, focusing on funding sources, the level of employer participation, and training outcomes. Directions for improving organizational, legal, and financial mechanisms for VET provision are substantiated through the development of public–private partnerships, enhancement of state and regional procurement systems, introduction of performance-based budgeting, strengthening financial transparency, and intensification of international technical assistance and investment attraction. It is proven that the implementation of a comprehensive approach to financing vocational and technical education will enhance its adaptability to labor market demands and bring the national VET system closer to European standards.

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