Accounting for electronic money transactions in enterprise export-import operations

Анотація

The problem area of the study concerns the techniques for executing and accounting for payments made with electronic money in the context of export and import transactions of Ukrainian enterprises. One of the important measures of Ukraine’s economic globalization is the integration of domestic businesses into all modern payment instruments, including transactions between electronic wallets. A lack of theoretical and methodological guidance has been identified regarding the procedures for making and accounting for payments with electronic money denominated in foreign currency, including those related to foreign trade activities. The paper describes the sequence of reforms of Ukraine’s financial legislation aimed at legalizing settlements using electronic money, as well as the regulatory and legal framework in force as of 2026 governing the issuance and use of electronic money. It is determined that electronic wallets are legally equated to bank accounts; however, their practical use is subject to statutory limitations. Residents of Ukraine may conduct settlements exclusively using electronic money issued by entities accredited and entered in the Register of Payment Infrastructure. The National Bank of Ukraine has established a value limit for single payments made using electronic money of foreign issuance. The set of electronic money legally circulating in Ukraine is classified according to participants in the payment market. It is established that for payments under export–import transactions using electronic money denominated in foreign currency, enterprises may use only the foreign payment system “Paysera”. The insufficiency of the current Chart of Accounts for accounting purposes related to payments from electronic wallets in foreign trade activities is substantiated. Scholarly developments aimed at improving the existing Chart of Accounts for constructing accounting entries for electronic money payments are systematized. The use of an additional subaccount 336 “Electronic Money Denominated in Foreign Currency” is recommended for accounting settlements in electronic money in trade with non-residents. Using a calculation-based example, the procedure for revaluation of electronic money of foreign issuance on the payment date and on the balance sheet date, with the determination of exchange differences, is explained. The reasons for the inevitable further modernization of currency regulation and accounting legislation in the sphere of electronic money circulation are substantiated. Keywords: export, import, non-resident, foreign currency, NBU exchange rate, electronic money, exchange difference, monetary item, electronic wallet, payment system.

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