Value Added Tax in the Tax Revenue System of Ukraine: A Statistical Analysis of Fiscal Efficiency and Refunds

Анотація

The article examines value added tax as one of the key revenue-generating taxes in Ukraine and an important instrument for accumulating the state’s financial resources. The relevance of the topic is caused by the fact that, under conditions of increased budgetary pressure, an unstable economic environment, and the growing role of import operations, VAT continues to occupy a leading place in the structure of tax revenues, while its performance is determined not only by the volume of revenues collected, but also by the scale of budget refunds, the quality of administration, and sector-specific features of tax efficiency. The purpose of the article is to explore the role of VAT in the system of Ukraine’s tax revenues on the basis of a statistical analysis of its fiscal efficiency and budget refunds, as well as to substantiate directions for improving the administration mechanism of this tax. The methodological framework of the study includes methods of statistical analysis, dynamic and structural comparisons, generalization, and analytical interpretation. The information base was formed by tax legislation provisions, official data of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the State Tax Service of Ukraine, open budget resources, and scholarly publications on VAT-related issues. The study found that in 2022–2025 VAT remained one of the most significant sources of state budget revenues in Ukraine and accounted for about one-third of general fund revenues. It was revealed that the growth in net VAT revenues was largely generated by the taxation of import operations, while domestic VAT proved to be more sensitive to changes in economic activity, demand structure, and the volume of budget refunds. The expediency of using net indicators to assess VAT fiscal efficiency was substantiated. A significant sectoral differentiation of tax efficiency was identified, which confirms the need for a broader application of the sectoral approach in VAT analysis and administration. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of using them to improve the analytical support of VAT and to enhance the validity of decisions in the field of tax administration.

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