Economic futurology as a scientific direction: essence, approaches, tools

Анотація

The article examines economic futurology as an interdisciplinary scientific field aimed at understanding long-term transformations of socio-economic systems in the context of global challenges, technological shifts, and spatial development. The essence of economic futurology is revealed as a system of scientific views, methods, and analytical tools that enables the formation of alternative visions of possible, probable, and desirable trajectories of economic development. The distinction between economic futurology and traditional economic forecasting and strategic planning is substantiated, emphasizing its focus on uncertainty, nonlinearity of development, and the multivariance of the future. The main approaches of economic futurology are systematized, including scenario-based, foresight, systemic, institutional, and spatial approaches, which allow for a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of economic processes and interactions among development actors. Particular attention is paid to the tools of economic futurology, such as expert assessment methods, technological and socio-economic foresight, economic and mathematical modeling, analysis of trends and weak signals, as well as the use of big data and digital platforms. It is proven that economic futurology forms a theoretical and methodological foundation for the development of adaptive strategies for spatial planning and territorial development, particularly based on smart specialization principles. The article concludes that the application of futurological approaches enhances the validity of managerial decision-making, reduces risks, and contributes to the formation of long-term competitiveness of economic systems.

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