EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Анотація

The current state of digital technology implementation worldwide and in Ukraine has been outlined in the article. It has been shown that in developed countries there is a high level of adoption of precision farming systems, Big Data, drones, and ERP systems, which contributes to higher efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprises. In Ukraine, significant differentiation has been revealed: large agricultural holdings actively introduce innovations, while small and medium-sized farms face financial and infrastructural constraints. A methodological approach to assessing the impact of digitalization on economic performance has been proposed. A system of indicators has been defined, including labor productivity, yield, cost price, profitability, and return on sales, as well as the level of automation and the use of electronic services. An integral index of digitalization has been developed, which makes it possible to quantitatively assess the degree of digital maturity of the enterprises and link it to economic performance indicators. An empirical study has been carried out, analyzing a sample of agricultural enterprises with different levels of digital transformation. A positive influence of digital technologies on agricultural crops’ yield, cost reduction, and financial stability of enterprises has been identified. A comparison between digitalized and traditional enterprises has confirmed the presence of statistically significant differences in their performance. The main barriers and risks of digitalization have been determined, including the high cost of technologies, insufficient infrastructure, staff shortages, and cyber threats. The necessity of state support, the improvement of digital literacy, and the development of information infrastructure have been emphasized as prerequisites for further innovation diffusion. It has been concluded that digitalization is one of the key factors in enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, and the proposed methodological approach can be applied to monitor the effectiveness of digital transformation. It is emphasized that the integration of digital technologies into agriculture has a long-term multiplier effect, which is manifested not only at the level of individual enterprises, but also in the development of the industry as a whole. It is established that the effectiveness of digital innovations is enhanced when combined with organizational changes and modernization of the management system. The prospects for the further research aimed at assessing the socio-economic effects of digitalization and the formation of the strategies for sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy are substantiated.

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