Foreign models of science funding

Анотація

The relevance for Ukraine to study the modern models of science funding in countries-innovation leaders is grounded in view of the importance of searching for the ways of reforming the national scientific system, which is characterized by both a low level of funding and the inefficient use of funds allocated to its development. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the science funding mechanisms in the EU countries on the basis of the analysis of modern models of its funding. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of elements of the science funding mechanism in the EU countries, which includes: generalization of the main archetypes of funding models (with a predominant share of investment from business, with a predominant share of investment from the government, with a predominant share of investment from external sources), its methods (institutional and project), and instruments (grants, subsidies, support agreements, equity participation, debt instruments -loans, guarantees, compensation grants). The differences between the models of funding R&D at the expense of the state, private funds and mixed funding are substantiated in the context of the purpose, subject, conditions and funding agents. The current trends in funding of science and education

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