Features of spatial and structural transformations of the economy: European experience and Ukrainian realities

Анотація

The article focuses on the study of the structural features of the economy of the EU member states and Ukraine. Labor productivity and capital productivity in a sectoral section are analyzed. In particular, changes in the dynamics of labor and capital productivity during 2014-2021 are examined. Based on the results, the sectors that are leaders and can act as determinants of the productive capacity of Ukraine and its regions are identified. The article reveals that the most intensive growth of labor productivity is recorded in such sectors as temporary accommodation and organization of food, as well as information and telecommunications. Capital productivity under the prevailing instability of the dynamics of this indicator is recorded only in construction and in information and telecommunications. The regions of Ukraine are ranked and grouped according to the intensity of labor productivity growth. The comparative analysis of the rates of growth (decline) of capital productivity in the sectors of the economy of Ukraine is carried out. It shows that the growth rate of labor productivity exceeds that of capital productivity. Based on the assessment of the ratio of wage growth rates and labor productivity in the economic sectors, the hypothesis regarding the predominance of labor productivity growth rates over wage growth rates in the majority of the economic sectors is verified. Drivers contributing to the growth of the productive capacity of economic sectors are characterized. The main strategic priorities of the structural transformations of the domestic economy in wartime and post-war recovery are determined, in particular regarding the development of the military-defense complex, which will ensure the long-term political and economic security of Ukraine and the development of industrial and innovative structural elements of the country’s economic system. The article emphasizes the need to create and develop a national innovation platform, which should be a component of the innovation market and the formation of the state system of legal protection of intellectual property, the demands for reform of which were put forward in the process of deepening European integration reforms.

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