SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE EUROPEAN ENLIGHTENMENT

Анотація

The article examines the socio-philosophical problems of the European Enlightenment.The role of scientific knowledge in the center of which is the mind is analyzed.The essence of deism in the XVIII century is defined, which consists in recognizing God as the first cause, the first Creator, but deism declares that God does not interfere in the activities of either the world or nature.The value of the principle of mechanics, which introduces Newton, is considered.The principle of mechanismism is understood as a universal principle of nature's existence, possessing infinity and boundlessness, so that it acquires the status of the Universe.The author traces the meaning of sensualism, which recognizes sensuality as a human property, as the only reliable source of knowledge.It defines the leading role of rationalism in the XVIII century, focusing on the mind as the main and fundamental value of human existence.The article considers the thinking of French thinkers of that time, who paid great attention to substantiating the existence of objective laws of nature, understanding them, first of all, as laws of mechanics and extending these laws to humans.Man, they believed, was a part of nature, only feeling and thinking.It confirms the significant role in the development of philosophical thinking in the world of the English Enlightenment, which, unlike France, where the Enlightenment preceded the political revolution, first conducts revolutionary changes, and only then develops the ideas of the Enlightenment.The English Enlightenment is represented by such personalities and schools as the spectrum of ideas of John Locke, deism, spiritualism of J. Berkeley, skepticism of D. Hume, and philosophy of the Scottish school.

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