UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEVEL OF A STATE

Анотація

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the economic nature of unemployment in Ukraine in the context of large-scale socio-economic transformations caused by full-scale military aggression. The paper reveals the evolution of scientific approaches to the study of unemployment, formed in the works of classical, neoclassical, Keynesian and modern authors, in particular Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, Alfred Marshall, Arthur Pigou and Alvin Toffler. Based on the theoretical review, the key factors determining the scale and nature of unemployment among the economically active population are identified: imbalance between labor supply and demand, demographic changes, mismatch of professional skills with the needs of the economy, production reduction, growth of technological automation and reduction of investment activity. The article analyzes statistical indicators of employment, duration of job search, sectoral and professional structure of the labor market before and after the outbreak of the war, and also reveals a significant deterioration in the socio-economic situation due to the destruction of infrastructure, forced displacement of the population and partial or complete cessation of the activities of small and microbusinesses. Particular attention is paid to how the destruction of enterprises, changes in logistics chains and energy crises have affected the limitation of employment opportunities. A set of state policy measures aimed at overcoming unemployment is proposed, including: creating new jobs in safe regions, stimulating investments in industrial reconstruction, developing the defense, energy, construction and agricultural sectors, activating retraining and advanced training programs, supporting entrepreneurial initiatives of internally displaced persons, improving labor legislation and introducing flexible forms of employment. The importance of developing the defense industry, construction, energy, and agriculture as sectors with high employment potential is particularly emphasized. The study results emphasize the need for a comprehensive state policy aimed at restoring economic activity, increasing the competitiveness of the labor force, and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine.

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