GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS: AN ECONOMIC TOOLKIT

Анотація

Despite the existence of a fairly diversified arsenal of economic stimulation of global energy transformations, the choice by states of their specific elements directly depends on the ratio of socio-economic and environmental effects from the introduction of motivational incentives, on the one hand, and the total costs of their implementation and administration, on the other. In addition, the strategic goals of sustainable development of each state and the availability of various financial sources for the implementation of specific mechanisms and tools for its stimulation are also taken into account. The wide implementation of the mentioned toolkit in recent decades ensured the high dynamics of the development of the green segment of the national energy markets of the leading countries. At the same time, the wide use of effective motivational incentives for energy transformations by national governments ensured a significant reduction in the level of world prices for green energy technologies, their active inclusion in international scientific and technological transfer, and the increasing involvement of states and entire regions in the innovative achievements of humanity in the field of "greening" of economic activity. Already in the coming years, energy eco-technologies will lead to a significant reduction in the cost of electricity generation, which opens up wide prospects for the world community regarding the transition of the energy complex to a model of sustainable development. Despite all the achieved advantages of economic stimulation of global energy transformations, in the coming decades, the world community must implement decisive measures to introduce a system of anti-carbon taxation at the global level. Achieving the strategic goal of increasing the effectiveness of environmental tax instruments also lies in the area of introducing a system of stimulating tax benefits and preferences for environmentally responsible product manufacturers with the aim of forming large-scale capital accumulation funds. Thus, all the mentioned directions are able to bring the motivational system of energy transformations to a qualitatively higher level of development and the world community to achieve significant socio-economic effects from the greening of energy.

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