KEY FEATURES OF STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND EXCHANGE TRADING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY

Анотація

Purpose. The transition to a green economy has significantly strengthened the role of stock markets and exchange trading as mechanisms for channeling capital into sustainable development projects. As global financial systems adapt to environmental priorities. It is essential to identify the key features of stock market development under the influence of green finance, as well as to explore the financial instruments and institutional mechanisms that support the transformation toward sustainability. The purpose of this study is to highlight the specific characteristics of stock market evolution and exchange trading within the framework of the green economy and to determine effective tools for supporting the green transition. Methods. The methodological basis of the research includes the works of Ukrainian and foreign scholars dedicated to stock market development and green finance, as well as analytical materials of international organizations concerning green bonds, sustainable investments, and ESG disclosure. The study applies methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, analytical review, and synthesis, which make it possible to assess the prospects for using stock market instruments to finance green initiatives and to evaluate the influence of regulatory, technological, and macroeconomic factors on market dynamics. Results. The global shift toward sustainable development has led to the rapid expansion of green financial instruments, including green bonds, sustainable investment funds, and ESG-oriented securities. Stock exchanges increasingly act not only as intermediaries but also as active promoters of sustainability, improving listing rules, strengthening disclosure requirements, and supporting institutional cooperation to stimulate responsible investment. Examples from leading financial centers (Luxembourg, London, Singapore, Mexico, and Italy) demonstrate the effectiveness of exchange-driven initiatives in financing climate-related projects and enhancing transparency. Market trends show strong growth in renewable energy sectors, expansion of investment incentives through government programs, and technological innovation driven by both large corporations and green startups. However, high volatility, political uncertainty, and climate-related risks remain significant challenges for investors, requiring new risk management tools and standardized ESG frameworks. The research concludes that effective capital mobilization for green economy sectors depends on regulatory support, improved reporting standards, and the development of market infrastructure that enhances investor confidence and ensures the long-term stability of sustainable financial flows. Keywords: green economy, stock market, stock exchange, investment, sustainable development.

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