Formation of the optimal business model of a logistics company

Анотація

The article is devoted to the study of the main types of business models that a logistics company can use depending on its life cycle and development strategy. The main components of the business model are given, which determine the problems of formation and implementation of the selected business model of a logistics company. The author's approach to the concepts of "asset-light business model" and "asset-based business model" is proposed. The characteristic features of each business model, potential problems from their use, and the advantages that the implementation of the "asset-light business model" gives are determined. The evolution of business models and its modifications, which are determined by the stages of the life cycle of a logistics company and are determined by the influence of the main components of the business model, have been investigated. The structuring of logistics providers by types of business models has been carried out, which makes it possible to clearly determine the potential for logistics company`s success and the content of the main components, in accordance with the chosen business model. Based on the theoretical developments of the authors, an analysis of logistics companies that use the "asset-light business model" and "asset-based business model" was carried out. The resource provision of each business model is analyzed. It has been substantiated that, despite the type of business model, the main problem is how, using own, leased or resources of other participants in the logistics services market, namely subcontractors, to form an optimal business model or adapt the existing one to the changing conditions of the external environment. To reach this goal, different strategic management tools are used, which include the canvas of the business model. The advantage of using this tool for visualizing the main components that determine the influence of external and internal spheres on the business model of a logistics company has been substantiated. A business model canvas was formed for each logistics company, with different types of business models, which made it possible to determine the competitive advantages of each company. The analysis of indicators (metrics) that are used to assess the effectiveness of business models made it possible to choose the DuPont model based on the return on investment capital. As a result, the influence of the main elements of the model on the final ROIC result was determined, which was confirmed by carrying out the corresponding calculations.

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