European Experience in Countering Hybrid Threats for Ukraine's Economic Recovery

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ANNOTATION.The article summarizes the experience of the EU countries in countering hybrid threats, outlines the directions of its possible and appropriate use in the process of Ukraines economic revival, characterizes the categorical apparatus of the study: the concepts of hybrid threats, actors, actions are defined.The author identifies effective mechanisms for countering hybrid threats in the EU, which include institutional initiatives, sanctions policy, as well as specific ad hoc measures on information, energy and cybersecurity, in particular the activities of the European Center of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, reducing the resource dependence of countries through diversification of supplies, the establishment of the European Cyber Security Agency, and campaigns to counter disinformation.Particular attention is paid to the methods and tools for implementing the EU Conceptual Model of Hybrid Threats ( 2021), which has a wide range of domains: infrastructure; cyberspace; space, economic, military and defense, culture, social, public administration and legal; intelligence, diplomacy, political and information spheres, and thus aims to raise awareness, establish mutual understanding between the parties, and identify the main aspects that enable an adequate understanding of the hybrid threat landscape.It is shown that hybrid threats involve the use of different approaches to avoiding them and developing resilience to them, which led to the emergence of the Model of an Integrated Resilience Ecosystem (2023).The article reveals its essence, specifies the areas of application, structure by domains (areas of activity), spaces (public, governance and services), and levels (local, national, international) that form the ecosystem.Current vulnerabilities, hostile actors and risks to national security are identified and the possibilities of eliminating their negative impact on a wide range of activities in the context of hybrid threats are substantiated based on the study of European experience.The results of the implementation of the project "Academic Counteraction to Hybrid Threats" (WARN) within the framework of the EU Erasmus+ Program in the field of "Capacity Building of Higher Education" (Erasmus+ Capacity Building Project 610133-EPP-1-2019-1-FI-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) to ensure the improvement of national security and overcome the lack of security services that has arisen due to the emergence of hybrid threats are investigated.

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