Digital transformation of customs and logistics processes in enterprises foreign economic activity

Анотація

Digital transformation of customs and logistics processes in enterprises’ foreign economic activity is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of international trade and the competitiveness of business structures. The implementation of digital platforms, automated information systems, data processing technologies, and elements of artificial intelligence ensures synergistic interaction between enterprises and customs institutions, reduces time and transaction costs, and enhances the transparency of customs procedures. For Ukraine, the digitalization of customs and logistics processes is particularly relevant amid wartime challenges, serving as a prerequisite for modernizing the foreign economic activity system and integrating into global supply chains. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the digital transformation of customs and logistics processes in the foreign economic activity of enterprises, examine modern technological solutions, assess the benefits and challenges of their implementation, and summarize international best practices to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of customs procedures in Ukraine. The article examines the digital transformation of customs and logistics processes in the context of enterprises’ foreign economic activity. The current state of digital technology implementation in customs systems of various countries, including Ukraine, EU member states, India, Vietnam, Jordan, and others, is analyzed. Key digital transformation technologies include electronic customs systems, blockchain, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, the Internet of Things, cloud technologies, and automated risk management systems. The main advantages of implementing digital solutions are reduced customs clearance time, increased transparency of procedures, reduced corruption risks, cost optimization, and improved quality of customs control. The practical experience of implementing systems such as ICEGATE (India), Electronic Customs (Ukraine), and the EU Customs Data Hub (EU) is analyzed. Key challenges of digitalization include high initial investment costs, the need for qualified personnel, cybersecurity issues, the need for interagency integration, and the need to harmonize international standards. It is substantiated that the digital transformation of customs and logistics processes enhances enterprise competitiveness in international trade and contributes to countries’ economic growth. The study confirms that the digital transformation of customs and logistics processes is a key factor in improving the efficiency of enterprises’ foreign economic activity and their competitiveness in international trade. The implementation of electronic customs systems, automated risk management, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics ensures reduced customs clearance time, lower transaction costs, increased transparency in procedures, and improved quality of customs control. At the same time, further digitalization requires significant investment, the development of digital competencies, and enhanced cybersecurity, which, amid wartime challenges, makes the digital transformation of customs and logistics processes a strategic instrument for Ukraine’s integration into global supply chains and for stimulating economic growth. Keywords: digital transformation, customs processes, logistics, foreign economic activity, electronic customs, blockchain, artificial intelligence, automation, international trade, trade facilitation.

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