PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN UKRAINIAN MIGRATION: FROM EXISTENCE TO GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Анотація

This article explores the philosophical foundations of contemporary migration processes, with a particular focus on the forced migration of Ukrainians due to the russian-Ukrainian war. The study examines the role of philosophical concepts in interpreting the existential, cultural, political, and ethical dimensions of migration, complementing traditional demographic, economic, sociological, and psychological approaches. Key philosophical theories that enable the interpretation of migration as a multidimensional phenomenon are analyzed. It is substantiated that existentialism and phenomenology (M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, M. Scheler) interpret migration as a boundary situation that compels individuals to rethink their being, search for new meanings, and recreate themselves under conditions of uncertainty. The concepts of nomadism (G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, J. Attali) are outlined, within which migration is understood as a universal principle of movement and freedom that contributes to the formation of hybrid identities and opens new opportunities for self-expression. It is established that political-philosophical approaches (H. Arendt, M. Foucault, J. Habermas) consider migration as a phenomenon related to power, human rights, and integration processes, where successful adaptation is possible through dialogue and mutual understanding. Postcolonial and ethical perspectives (J. Derrida) focus on issues of hospitality, migrants’ rights, and intercultural interaction. It is demonstrated that the ideas of V. Vernadsky and L. Gumilev contribute to understanding migration as a natural process of human development, facilitating the dissemination of knowledge, cultural exchange, and the formation of global connections. It is concluded that philosophical concepts significantly expand traditional approaches by offering a holistic understanding of migration as a phenomenon that transforms identity, freedom, and social belonging. They allow the forced migration of Ukrainians to be interpreted not only as a tragedy but also as an opportunity for personal growth, transformation, and the creation of a new future – both for individuals and for society as a whole.

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