COMMERCIAL SCIENCE AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF INTERACTION

Анотація

The article explores the interaction between commodity science and commercial activities, emphasizing their critical role in ensuring the efficiency and competitiveness of modern enterprises. Commodity science is examined as a multidisciplinary field that studies products throughout their life cycle‒from production to consumption‒focusing on quality assessment, consumer properties, assortment analysis, storage and transportation conditions, compliance with standards, and innovative approaches in materials and design. The study highlights current trends shaping commodity science, including digitalization, the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, artificial intelligence and machine learning for automated quality control, globalization of markets, standardization according to international norms (ISO, ASTM, EN), and integration into transnational supply chains.The article also emphasizes the growing importance of consumer-oriented approaches, such as user experience (UX), personalization, and the transformation of the product concept from a simple commodity to a comprehensive consumer experience. Sustainability and environmental considera-tions are increasingly incorporated into product evaluation through eco-certification, life cycle assessment, and recyclable or reusable materials. Furthermore, ethical and legal requirements, including consumer protection, transparency of information, and social responsibility in production processes, are identified as essential elements of modern commodity science and its practical application in commercial activities.Commercial activities are presented as a set of operations aimed at purchasing and selling goods or services for profit, including market and demand analysis, assortment formation, procurement and sales organization, pricing, and inventory management. The study demonstrates that effective commercial management heavily depends on in-depth knowledge of product characteristics, quality, and consumer preferences. Integrating commodity science into commercial decision-making supports optimal assortment planning, risk reduction, cost efficiency, and strategic pricing, while simultaneously enhancing consumer trust and market reputation.The findings indicate that a well-coordinated interaction between commodity science and commercial activities contributes to higher competitiveness, improved customer satisfaction, increased profitability, and sustainable development of enterprises.

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